Kali Linuxで遊ぶ〜Information Gathering〜nmap

Kali Linux関連はこちらを参考ください。

まず、アップデート
sudo apt-get update

Kali Linux初期設定

さて、Kali Linuxの機能を確認してみよう!

kali Linux機能

01-Information Gathering(情報収集)
02-Vulnerability Analysis(脆弱性診断)
03-Web Applications Analysis(Webアプリケーション診断)
04-Database Assessment(データベース評価)
05-Password Attacks(パスワード攻撃)
06-Wireless Attacks(ワイヤレス通信攻撃)
07-Reverse Engineering(リバース・エンジニアリング)
08-Exploitation Tools(エクスプロイト=脆弱性を利用した攻撃用ツール)
09-Sniffing & Spoofing(盗聴となりすまし)
10-Post Exploitation(侵入後の活動)
11-Forensics(フォレンジック=証拠保全・分析用ツール)
12-Reporting Tools(レポートツール)
13-Social Engineering Tool(ソーシャルエンジニアリングツール)

Post-Exploitationは、標的型攻撃等で侵入できた後の情報収集とかを行うためのフレームワークだったりする。
こういった攻撃を理解し、どうセキュリティ対応していくかが重要になるんでしょう。
どういうツールがあるのか、プライベートネットワーク上で試してみましょう。

 

Information Gathering

Information Gathering

情報収集において、色々とアプリが登録されている。

ここで個人的に紹介できるアプリはnmap。それ以外は知らない…

nmap

nmapとはポートスキャン機能の他、OSやバージョンの検出機能、サービスおよびそのバージョンの検出機能など、多くの機能を兼ね備えているセキュリティツール。ネットワークに接続されている機器一覧を出して、脆弱性スキャンを実施する程度のレベルしか無いですが…

指定ネットワークセグメントの一覧表示
nmap -sP ネットワークセグメント

nmapコマンド

脆弱性スキャン
nmap -sV IPアドレス

nmapコマンド

別にnmap IPアドレス、nmap ホスト名で調査することも可能

nmap

-p- にすることで、ポート番号を1番〜65535番までポートスキャンをしてくれる。
ポートスキャンテストのため、windowsに対し、ファイアウォールを無効にしています…

nmapコマンド

 

コマンド一覧はこのような感じ。
色々とありますね…。

$ nmap
Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
–exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],…>: Exclude hosts/networks
–excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan – simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan – disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online — skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
–dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],…>: Specify custom DNS servers
–system-dns: Use OS’s DNS resolver
–traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
–scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
–exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
-F: Fast mode – Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively – don’t randomize
–top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
–port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
–version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
–version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
–version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
–version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to –script=default
–script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
–script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,…]>: provide arguments to scripts
–script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
–script-trace: Show all data sent and received
–script-updatedb: Update the script database.
–script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
–osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
–osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append ‘ms’ (milliseconds),
‘s’ (seconds), ‘m’ (minutes), or ‘h’ (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
–min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
–min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
–min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
–max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
–host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
–scan-delay/–max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
–min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
–max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; –mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],…>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/–source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
–proxies <url1,[url2],…>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
–data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
–data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
–data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
–ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
–ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
–spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
–badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
–reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
–open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
–packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
–iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
–append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
–resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
–noninteractive: Disable runtime interactions via keyboard
–stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
–webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
–no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
–datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
–send-eth/–send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
–privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
–unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

 

Author: 管理者

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